A Guide to Tilt Sensors and Their Usage in Solar Tracking
There is no doubt that solar energy has become an important renewable energy source in recent years. However, solar panels’ efficiency depends on the sun’s position. Therefore, solar tracking is used to optimise the position of the solar panels for maximum efficiency. Solar tracking involves the movement of solar panels or solar concentrators to follow the sun’s movement across the sky. This is achieved by using sensors, motors, and controllers. The sensors detect the sun’s position, and the motors move the panels to the correct position. On the other hand, the controller manages the entire process and ensures that the panels always face the sun.
In solar tracking, tilt sensors are used to measure the angle of the solar panel relative to the ground. The controller uses this information to adjust the panel’s position and ensure it faces the sun. Tilt sensors are essential for solar tracking because they provide accurate and precise information about the orientation of the solar panel. This goes deeper than one might realise, so we will discuss the details in this article.
What Are Tilt Sensors?
A tilt sensor, sometimes called an inclinometer, is a device that measures the angle of an object concerning the gravity vector. Tilt sensors can be used to measure the angle of an object in one or two dimensions. They are commonly used in applications requiring accurate inclination or tilt measurement.
Tilt sensors work by measuring the acceleration due to gravity. They contain a small mass that is suspended in a liquid or gas. When the sensor is tilted, the mass moves, and a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) sensor detects the change in position. The MEMS sensor converts the movement into an electrical signal that a controller can read.
Types of Solar Tracking Using Tilt Sensors
Two main types of solar tracking use tilt sensors:
Single-Axis Tracking
Single-axis tracking involves the movement of the solar panel along one axis, typically the east-west axis. This allows the panel to track the sun moving across the sky from east to west. Tilt sensors measure the panel’s angle relative to the ground and adjust the panel’s position accordingly.
Single-axis tracking is relatively simple and requires only one tilt sensor. However, it is less effective than dual-axis tracking because it does not account for the changing angle of the sun in the sky.
Dual-Axis Tracking
Dual-axis tracking involves the movement of the solar panel along two axes: the east-west axis and the north-south axis. This allows the panel to track the sun as it moves across the sky and changes its angle throughout the day. Tilt sensors are used to measure the panel’s angle relative to the ground in both dimensions and adjust the panel’s position accordingly.
Dual-axis tracking is more complex than single-axis tracking because it requires two tilt sensors. However, it is more effective because it can optimise the panel’s position for maximum efficiency throughout the day.
Considerations When Looking for Tilt Sensors
When looking for tilt sensors for solar tracking applications, there are several considerations to remember:
Protection Rating
Tilt sensors used in solar tracking applications must withstand harsh environmental conditions, including exposure to water, dust, and extreme temperatures. Therefore, choosing sensors with a high protection rating, also known as an IP degree, is vital. The IP degree measures the level of protection the sensor provides against the ingress of solid objects and liquids, and a higher IP degree indicates a higher level of protection.
Precision and Accuracy
Tilt sensors used in solar tracking applications must also be precise and accurate. They must be able to measure the angle of the solar panel with a high degree of accuracy and provide reliable information to the controller. Therefore, you must choose sensors with a high level of precision and accuracy.
Conclusion
Tilt sensors are indispensable in solar tracking systems because they provide essential information for optimising the performance of solar panels. However, not all are created equal, so you must find the best sensor for your application. This way, you can ensure that your solar tracking system is running optimally and maximises your solar panels’ energy output, saving you money on energy costs.
If you’re looking for solar energy system installers, Seven20 Electrical can help you! Our professional electricians will ensure your home gets top-quality solar panel systems for maximum efficiency and sustainability. Schedule an appointment today!